By manipulating plant variety and predator species, we investigated the interactions of plant and predator traits in determining predation effectiveness. By securing access to water and nutrients, root systems are generally recognized as having a critical influence on plant productivity lynch, 1995. A compact plant architecture is increasingly required for mechanized harvesting processes in china. Stories about plants in architecture and design, including green facades, garden atriums, vertical forests, planted terraces and ecology in technology. Therefore, cotton plant architecture is an important trait, and its components, such as plant height, fruit branch length and fruit branch angle, affect the. Pdf plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic. An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specialized task. Regulation of leaf position, shape and internal structure. Review plant science revolutions in agriculture chart a course for targeted breeding of old and new crops yuval eshed1 and zachary b. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, developmental biology, molecular biology, genetics and biotechnology. Lippman2,3 the dominance of the major crops that feed humans and their livestock arose from agricultural.
Aug 20, 2008 the structure of the aerial part of a plant, referred to as plant architecture, is subject to strict genetic control, and grain production in cereal crops is governed by an array of agronomic traits. The aim of architectural analysis is, by means of observation and sometimes. Define the contributions of meristems to plant growth and morphogenesis. Plant architecture attributes, such as plant height, ear height, and internode number, have played an important role in the historical increases in grain yield, lodging resistance, and biomass in maize zea mays l. Analyzing the genetic basis of variation in plant architecture using high density qtl mapping will be of benefit for the breeding of maize for many traits.
Pdf on jan 1, 2012, evelyne costes and others published introduction to plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic conditions find, read and cite all the research you need. Plant morphology, plant architecture, level of organization, growth. Genetics and genetic modifications of plant architecture in grain. Rice plant architecture is one of the most important factors influencing rice yield reinhardt and kuhlemeier, 2002. The modular design of the plant facilitates such morphological adaptations.
Plant architecture has long been the only criterion for systematic and taxonomic classification, and, even today, it is the best means of identifying a plant species. This volume opens with a chapter describing a model for the evolution of the angiosperm flower. The structure of a leaf reading monadnock regional high. Chapter 10 rounds off the volume with a perspective on key applications of plant architecture in horticultural and agricultural contexts. Author links open overlay panel tomoaki sakamoto 1 makoto matsuoka 2. The flowers of higher plants not only contain the organs of plant reproduction but are of fundamental importance in giving rise to fruits and seeds which constitute a major component of the human diet. The term scion cyon refers to the shoot piece or bud cut from a donor plant that will grow into the upper portion of the grafted plant, the terms stock, under stock,orrootstock all refer to the plant that receives. Pdf introduction to plant architecture, its diversity. Differences in rice tillering, biomass production, and yield of the cga1 transgenics could have. Finally, we outline the potential for manipulation of plant architecture using. Introduction to plant architecture, its diversity and. As an example, in maize zea mays, historical increases in yield in the u.
The structure of a leaf by cindy grigg 1 the most numerous parts on most plants are their leaves. Plant science revolutions in agriculture chart a course for. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental. A statistical description of plant shoot architecture. Leaves take energy from the sun and use it to make foodthe process of photosynthesis.
Harder, department of biological sciences, university of calgary, calgary, alberta t2n 1n4, canada. Generating highyielding varieties by genetic manipulation of plant architecture. The prerequisite for the formation of a branch is the initiation of an axillary meristem. Deconstructivism a significant term in french philosophy and literary criticism. In his furniture, the audacious manipulation of wood might be thought bravura were it not always justified by the physical properties of the material. The architecture of a plant depends on the nature and relative arrangement of each of its parts. Plant architecture and its manipulation 2018 english pdf. Manipulation of bee behavior by inflorescence architecture and its consequences for plant mating. Information based on statistics from the international energy agency iea. Therefore, cotton plant architecture is an important trait, and its components, such as plant height, fruit branch length and fruit branch angle, affect the suitability of a cultivar for mechanized harvesting. Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture with an ultra. In this paper, we introduce the major concepts of plant architecture analysis that can be used for investigating plant interactions with attacker development. Can we alter leaf or shoot architecture to achieve enhanced photosynthesis. Schematic representation of the effects of cytokinins on plant architecture in arabidopsis and rice.
Plants are sessile, multicellular organisms, which rely on developmental and metabolic changes for growth. Genetic dissection of maize plant architecture with an. Genetic improvement of the shoot architecture and yield in. We discuss the relationship between the genetic modification of plant. Because the peak expression levels of rcf2 and nac019 occur at the reproductive stage and rcf2 and nac019 protect plant reproductive tissues flowers from heat stress figures 1b and 3b. Genomewide association study identified genetic variations. Plant science revolutions in agriculture chart a course.
Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs. At least three well defined parts can be recognized in the developing plant, 1 the root, the belowground part of the plant, which provides anchorage and plays an important role in water and nutrient uptake from the soil, 2 the stem, which performs essential functions as. Corn belt have been linked to an increase in root system size hammer et al. They give rise to all organs and tissues, and therefore establish both number and position of branches, leaves and flowers of the mature plant. This book provides a broad coverage of our current understanding of plant architecture and its manipulation, ranging from the architecture of the individual cell to that of the whole plant. Past accomplishments, future directions jules janick department of horticulture and landscape architecture 625 agriculture mall drive purdue university, west lafayette indiana 479072010. Controlling plant architecture by manipulation of gibberellic. A swedish power plant northwest of stockholm hopes to go fossil fuel free by 2020 and theyre turning to recycled. Controlling plant architecture by manipulation of gibberellic acid signalling in petunia. Jan, 2020 stories about plants in architecture and design, including green facades, garden atriums, vertical forests, planted terraces and ecology in technology. Plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic conditions, in relation with pest and pathogen attacks e.
Decreased branching is of prime interest to tomato breeders, since manual. A cytokinins induce growth of the shoot apical meristem sam in a pathway that is parallel to wuschel wusinduced sam growth. Xu b, sathitsuksanoh n, tang y, udvardi mk, zhang jy, et al. Manipulation of bee behavior by inflorescence architecture and its consequences for plant mating crispin y. This learning guide includes five chapters comprised of lessons, exercises, and. This result highlights a new principle guiding growth and adaptation of plants, and it raises new questions about the molecular mechanisms driving pattern formation.
The role of microbial signals in plant growth and development. Sep 16, 2002 plant architecture has long been the only criterion for systematic and taxonomic classification, and, even today, it is the best means of identifying a plant species. Genetic control of nutrient utilization in plants sciencedirect. Denmark fires up its copenhill power plant, with ski slopes set to open next year. Generating highyielding varieties by genetic manipulation of. Plant architectural traits have been reported to impact pest and disease, i. Genetic modification of plant architecture and variety. Apart from the influence on plant architecture of external factors e. Auxin is distributed throughout the plant by a network of carrier proteins 48, and the. But it is also of major agronomic importance, strongly influencing the suitability of a plant for cultivation, its yield and the efficiency with which it can be harvested.
Pdf introduction to plant architecture, its diversity and. Isbn 1405121289 the 10 chapters of this book range from the molecular and cellular through to the whole organism. Aiming to break up the elements of any text to reveal meaning that is not apparent to the surface of its narrative. Plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in. Imagebased 3d digitizing for plant architecture analysis and. Plant architecture is species specific, indicating that it is under strict genetic control. The application of such theory stretches the concept of what can be called a text to include built reality.
Manipulation of bee behavior by inflorescence architecture. Generating highyielding varieties by genetic manipulation. As in his architecture, aaltos designs are a result of the same combination of sound construction, suitability to use and sense of style. Plant breeders have extensively modulated plant architectural traits, in. Plant architecture an overview sciencedirect topics. The influence of plant architecture on the foraging efficiencies of a. Recent advances in plant genome analyses and plant biotechnology will realize. Cervelli, former professor, landscape architecture plants as architecture plants with respect to architecture can perform two roles. Genetic modification of plant architecture and variety improvement in. Regulation of cell size, cell shape and organ initiation. This is an open access article under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits use. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features jyotirmaya mathan, juhi bhattacharya and aashish ranjan abstract a number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features jyotirmaya mathan, juhi bhattacharya and aashish ranjan abstract a number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular architecture and flowering time are important determinants of. Leyser, 2011, plant architecture is controlled by the balance 50.
Plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic conditions, in relation with pest and pathogen attacks. Dec 27, 2012 plant architectural traits have been reported to impact pest and disease, i. Plant architecture and its manipulation provides broad coverage of plant architecture and its manipulation, ranging form the architecture of the individual cell to that of the whole plant. Although it is also influenced by environmental conditions such as light, temperature, humidity and nutrient status, here we wish to focus only on the endogenous regulatory principles that control plant architecture. Manipulation of growth and architectural characteristics. Th ey can complement and reinforce the existing architecture of the house or structure, and they can create outdoor rooms. Plant height manipulation for biomass yield maria g. Applied aspects are stressed wherever appropriate, and the book is directed at researchers and professionals in plant genetics, developmental and molecular biology. Pdf plant architectural traits have been reported to impact pest and disease, i. The genetic manipulation of plant architecture can improve crop yield plantarchitecturaltraits,suchasplantheight,branchingandcanopy characteristics, are important agronomic traits for crop yield. Small plants can be analysed, observed and manipulated confused and led to. Plant architecture and its manipulation annual plant. Plant architecture is the result of two processes working together. Tailoring root architecture, therefore, is thought to be a critical step toward.
We also propose passion fruit as a suitable model plant to study the effect of fttfl1 genes on plant architecture. Chapters 6 to 8 focus on more specialised aspects of floral development. Plant architecture is of major agronomic importance as it determines the adaptability of a plant to cultivation, its harvest index and potential grain. Their general body plan is genetically determined, but plant architecture and branching patterns are variable and can be adjusted to the prevailing environmental conditions. Inflorescence architecture moving beyond description to development. There will be more than 160 of these systems, each with different characteristics and requirements.
Overexpression of atlov1in switchgrass alters plant architecture, lignin content, and flowering time. If the manual acquisition of data is an obstacle to functional structural modeling. Pdf on jan 1, 2012, evelyne costes and others published introduction to plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic. Turnbull 2, manipulation of plant architecture has been one of the mainstays. The current high level of interest in plant architecture stems from its relevance to efficiency of form and function.
Frontiers shaping plant architecture plant science. The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. This discovery provides a great addition to the toolbox for rational breeding of rice varieties with both high yield and. The structure of the aerial part of a plant, referred to as plant architecture, is subject to strict genetic control, and grain production in cereal crops is governed by an array of agronomic traits. Supplemental figures 5a and 7a, and because rcf2 and nac019 are highly conserved across plant species supplemental figure 14, the manipulation of rcf2 and. Introduction to plant architecture, its diversity and manipulation in agronomic conditions by evelyne costes, pierreeric lauri, s. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features. Th ey can complement and reinforce the existing architecture of the house or.
Elite varieties of rice can produce higher grain yields largely due to alterations in plant architecture yuan, 1977. Plant architecture is the threedimensional organization of the part of a plant that is above ground. The best power plant architecture and news about the redevelopment of power plants including battersea power station. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. Diagram in the middle shows a wt tree with the different regulators and their putative roles indicated. Overexpression of atlov1in switchgrass alters plant. Manipulation of plant architecture to enhance lignocellulosic.
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